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Kwatanta Hanyoyin Tuƙi daban-daban don Robots Masu Aiki a Axis Uku
Kwatanta Hanyoyin Tuƙi daban-daban don Robots Masu Aiki a Axis Uku
A cikin ci gaban fasaha ta atomatik a duniya, robots masu aiki uku-axis sun zama manyan kayan aiki a masana'antu kamar haɗa kayan lantarki, sarrafa sassan motoci, da marufi na abinci. Zaɓar hanyar tuƙi mai kyau kai tsaye yana ƙayyade ingancin samarwa na kayan aiki, farashin kulawa, da kuma sake zagayowar saka hannun jari - zaɓi mara kyau na iya haifar da rashin isasshen ƙarfin samarwa, gyare-gyare akai-akai, ko ma maye gurbin kayan aiki da wuri.
I. Me yasa hanyar tuƙi take matsayin babban ma'aunin zaɓi ga robots masu aiki uku-axis?
Tsarin tuƙi na robot mai hawa uku yana kama da "zuciyarsa mai ƙarfi," wanda ke da alhakin canza kuzarin motsi na motar servo zuwa madaidaicin motsi na layi ko juyawa. Aikinsa yana shafar manyan matsalolin siye guda uku kai tsaye:
Ingancin Kudin Zuba Jari: Daidaito tsakanin farashin farko na siye da kuma farashin gyara na gaba. Misali, yayin da wasu hanyoyin tuki na iya samun ƙarancin farashin farko na siye, farashin maye gurbin kayan sawa kowace shekara na iya ninka ninki biyu.
Daidaita Samarwa: Ko zai iya biyan takamaiman buƙatun masana'antu, kamar buƙatun daidaito na ±0.01mm a masana'antar lantarki, ko buƙatar masana'antar kera motoci don ɗaukar kaya sama da 50kg.
Daidaituwa a Duniya: Kayan aikin da aka fitar da su dole ne su cika ka'idojin kasuwar da aka yi niyya, kamar amfani da makamashi da ƙa'idojin hayaniya a kasuwannin Turai da Amurka, da kuma buƙatun haƙuri ga yanayin zafi da danshi mai yawa a kasuwannin kudu maso gabashin Asiya.
Bayanai daga Ƙungiyar Ƙasashen Duniya ta Robotics (IFR) a shekarar 2024 sun nuna cewa yawan rashin aiki na kayan aiki saboda rashin zaɓin tuƙi da ya dace ya kai kashi 12%, inda sama da kashi 60% na waɗannan lamuran suka danganta da kurakuran daidaito daga masu siyan kaya. Saboda haka, cikakken kwatanta bambance-bambancen hanyar tuƙi yana da matuƙar muhimmanci.
II. Kwatanta Tsarin Hanyar Mainstream Drive don Robots Masu Aiki a Axis Uku
A halin yanzu, a kasuwar duniya, tuƙi na lantarki shine babban hanyar tuƙi ga robots masu aiki da axis uku (wanda ya kai sama da 85%), waɗanda aka ƙara musu ƙaramin adadin tuƙi na hydraulic/pneumatic don aikace-aikace na musamman. A cikin tuƙi na lantarki, tsarin watsawa guda uku mafi wakilci sune sukurori na ball, bel ɗin synchronous, da gears na rack da pinion. Bambancin su na musamman sune kamar haka:
(I) Kwatanta Sigogi na Fasaha na Hanyar Core Drive
(II) Binciken Manyan Fa'idodi da Rashin Amfanin Kowace Hanyar Tuki
1. Motar Buga Ƙwallo: "Mafita Mafi Kyau" don Yanayi Masu Inganci
Sukurin ƙwallo yana aika ƙarfi ta hanyar birgima ƙwallan ƙarfe, yana canza motsi na juyawa na injin servo zuwa motsi mai layi. Wannan shine mafita mafi kyau ga robots masu aiki da servo masu aiki da axis uku masu inganci. Babban fa'idarsa tana cikin ƙaramin koma-baya (
Duk da haka, masu saye ya kamata su san iyakokinsa: Sukurin da suka fi mita 2 tsayi suna iya yin lanƙwasa saboda nauyinsu, suna buƙatar ƙarin hanyoyin tallafi da ƙarin farashi; kuma matsakaicin gudun yana iyakance ne da saurin sukurin (yawanci ba ya wuce mita 2/2), wanda hakan ya sa bai dace da yanayin saurin gudu kawai ba. Bugu da ƙari, yanayin ƙura yana hanzarta lalacewar ƙwallon ƙarfe, yana buƙatar kayan aiki na taimako kamar murfin kariya.
2. Synchronous Belt Drive: Kayan aiki mai inganci don aiki mai sauri da sauƙi
Na'urorin bel ɗin da aka haɗa suna amfani da bel ɗin polyurethane mai ƙarfe tare da pulleys don watsa wutar lantarki. Suna ba da manyan fa'idodi guda uku: babban gudu, ƙarancin hayaniya, da farashin da za a iya sarrafawa. Matsakaicin saurin su na iya kaiwa mita 5/s, fiye da ninki biyu na sukurori na ball, kuma farashin siyan farko shine kashi 30% ~ 50% kawai na na'urar skirƙira ta ball mai takamaiman takamaiman bayanai. Wannan ya sa suka dace da aikace-aikacen sauƙi, masu sauri kamar sarrafa abinci da sarrafa sassan filastik.
Ya kamata masu siye na ƙasashen duniya su san iyakokin daidaiton su: Belt ɗin synchronous suna da saurin lalacewa ta roba saboda zafin jiki, wanda ke haifar da daidaiton maimaitawa na ±0.1~±0.3 mm kawai, wanda ba zai iya biyan buƙatun injinan daidaito ba. Bugu da ƙari, ƙarfin ɗaukar nauyin su yana da iyaka (yawanci
3. Rack da Pinion Drive: Dole ne a Yi Amfani da su don Aiki Mai Nauyi da Tsawon Lokaci
Na'urorin rack da pinion suna amfani da juyawar gears don motsa motsi mai layi na rack, suna ba da babban fa'idodin ƙarfin ɗaukar kaya mai yawa da bugun jini mara iyaka. Nauyin da aka kimanta zai iya kaiwa sama da 1000kg, kuma ta hanyar haɗa sassan rack da yawa, ana iya cimma bugun da ya wuce mita 10, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama mafita mai mahimmanci ga yanayi masu nauyi kamar sarrafa sassan mota da lodawa/sauke manyan kayan aikin injin.
Babban ƙalubalen wannan tsarin tuƙi yana cikin hayaniya da sarrafa daidaito: rashin daidaiton masana'antu na iya haifar da hayaniya fiye da 75dB lokacin da aka haɗa gears da rack, wanda ke buƙatar ƙarin murfin hana sauti; haka kuma, dole ne a kawar da koma-baya ta hanyar na'urar da ke ƙara ƙarfi, in ba haka ba daidaiton zai faɗi ƙasa da ±0.05mm. Abin farin ciki, samfuran Turai da Amurka sun inganta daidaito zuwa matakin ±0.01mm ta hanyar fasahar niƙa saman haƙori, kodayake wannan yana ƙara farashin siye da 20% ~ 30%.
4. Na'urorin Hydraulic/Pneumatic Drives: "Mafita Masu Kyau" don Yanayi Na Musamman
Ana amfani da na'urorin sarrafa wutar lantarki, waɗanda ƙarfinsu ya kai ɗaruruwan kilogiram, a cikin yanayi masu matuƙar nauyi kamar jefa mai mai yawa. Duk da haka, haɗarin zubar mai da gurɓataccen iska, tare da tsadar tashoshin sarrafa wutar lantarki, ya haifar da maye gurbinsu a hankali ta hanyar amfani da na'urorin sarrafa wutar lantarki masu ɗaukar kaya da na'urorin sarrafa wutar lantarki masu ɗaukar kaya. Ana amfani da na'urorin sarrafa wutar lantarki masu amfani da iska, saboda ƙarancin farashi da saurin aiki, a cikin ƙananan injunan filastik, amma daidaiton ±0.5mm da ƙarancin ƙarfin ɗaukar kaya ba su isa ga buƙatun kayan aikin da ake buƙata ba.
Wani rahoto na shekarar 2024 daga Ƙungiyar Ƙasashen Duniya ta Robotics (IFR) ya nuna cewa yanzu haka na'urorin hydraulic/pneumatic suna da ƙasa da kashi 5% na robot servo masu axis uku, tare da na'urorin lantarki da ke zama babban abin da ake amfani da shi - musamman haɗin injinan servo da hanyoyin watsawa daidai, wanda ya haɗu da daidaito da sassauci.
III. Matakai 3 don Kulle Mafi kyawun Maganin Drive
Mataki na 1: Bayyana Sigogi na Bukatun Babban
Kafin siyan, dole ne a gano manyan alamomi guda uku don guje wa zaɓin makafi:
Bukatun Daidaito: Kera lantarki yana buƙatar ±0.02mm (sukuran ƙwallon sun fi dacewa); masana'antar marufi tana buƙatar ±0.5mm (bel ɗin synchronous sun isa).
Lodi da Ƙarfin Jiki: Don nauyin da ya wuce kilogiram 50, zaɓi rack da pinion; don bugun da ya wuce mita 3, yi amfani da rack da pinion ko bel ɗin da ke aiki tare (sukurori na ƙwallo suna buƙatar ƙarin tallafi).
Saurin Aiki: Don lokutan zagayowar > zagayowar 120/minti, zaɓi bel ɗin daidaitawa; don ayyukan daidaito mai ƙarancin gudu, zaɓi sukurori na ƙwallo.
Mataki na 2: Daidaita Yanayin Masana'antar da Aka Yi Niyya
Masana'antu daban-daban suna da buƙatu daban-daban na hanyoyin tuƙi. Idan aka yi la'akari da halayen kasuwar duniya, za a iya amfani da dabarar daidaitawa mai zuwa a matsayin ma'auni:
Na'urorin Lantarki/Semiconductor (musamman Turai da Amurka): Ana buƙatar ingantaccen daidaito da ƙarancin hayaniya. Ana ba da shawarar haɗa sukurori na ball. Haɗa su da na'urorin servo na Delta ASD jerin na iya cimma daidaiton ±0.005mm, wanda ya cika ƙa'idodin masana'antar lantarki ta Turai da Amurka.
Sassan Motoci (Suna Dace Da Duniya): Bukatun kaya masu nauyi da kuma dogon bugun jini sun bayyana. Rack da pinion drives sune mafita mafi kyau. Ana ba da shawarar zaɓar racks na ƙasa, waɗanda aka daidaita su da tsarin Siemens V90 servo don inganta kwanciyar hankali.
Abinci/Marufi (galibi Kudu maso Gabashin Asiya): An jaddada farashi da sauri. Ana ba da mafi kyawun rabon aiki da farashi. Amfani da kayan polyurethane ya cika buƙatun tsafta na masana'antar abinci, kuma tsarin kulawa ya dace da ƙarfin kulawa na masana'antun kudu maso gabashin Asiya.
Mataki na 3: Lissafin Jimillar Kudin Zagayen Rayuwa
Sayayya ta ƙasashen duniya tana buƙatar la'akari da saka hannun jari na farko da kuma aiki da kulawa na dogon lokaci. Dangane da tsawon lokacin sa'o'i 100,000, an yi lissafin masu zuwa:
Kullin Bugawa: Babban kuɗin siyan farko (kimanin RMB 20,000), amma ƙarancin kuɗin kulawa (RMB 500 kowace shekara), jimillar kuɗin ya kai kimanin RMB 25,000.
Synchronous Belt Drive: Ƙananan kuɗin siyan farko (kimanin RMB 8,000), amma yana buƙatar maye gurbin bel sau 4 (RMB 200 a kowane lokaci), jimillar kuɗin kusan RMB 9,000.
Rack da Gear Drive: Matsakaicin farashin siyan farko (kimanin RMB 14,000), daidaitawar sharewar meshing yana da matsakaicin RMB 800 a kowace shekara, jimillar kuɗin yana da kusan RMB 22,000.
IV. Sabbin Salo a Fasahar Tuƙi a 2025
Tsarin Tuki Mai Haɗaka: Tuki mai haɗaka da na lantarki na haɗin kai suna zama sabon batu mai zafi. Misali, ayyukan kamawa suna amfani da tuki mai haɗaka da na iska (ƙarancin farashi), yayin da ayyukan sanyawa suna amfani da tuki mai haɗaka da bel (ƙarancin daidaito), wanda zai iya rage farashi da kashi 30% yayin da yake biyan buƙatun daidaito na matsakaici.
Tuki kai tsaye ba tare da kayan ragewa ba: Babban karfin juyi, ƙarancin gudu injinan servo Ba ya buƙatar na'urar rage zafi kuma yana haɗawa kai tsaye zuwa sukurori na ƙwallo ko gears na rack da pinion, yana rage asarar injina da kashi 50% kuma yana tsawaita tsawon rai zuwa sama da awanni 150,000. A halin yanzu ana amfani da wannan fasaha a cikin samfuran zamani ta kamfanoni kamar Stäubli.
Tsarin daidaitawa mai hankali: Mai sarrafa servo na ƙarni na bakwai yana haɗa tsarin hanyar sadarwa ta jijiyoyi wanda ke daidaita sigogin tuƙi ta atomatik bisa ga canje-canjen kaya. Misali, jerin VX na Doosan Robotics yana amfani da wannan fasaha don rage ƙimar gazawa da kashi 60%, wanda hakan ya sa ya dace da yanayin samarwa iri-iri.
Yanar Gizo:https://www.zhiyirobotics.com/
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